The Linux Distribution HOWTO
Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
v6.9, 8 June 2000
This document is intended to help new users choose a Linux distribu�
tion, and to help experienced users track the state of the Linux mar�
ket. It does not aim to be a complete list of Linux distributions for
all platforms, but instead focuses on leading English-language Intel
distributions available on CD-ROM and accessible to Linux novices.
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 New versions of this document
1.2 Recent Changes
1.3 Overview of the Linux Market
1.4 Editorial Recommendations
2. Distributions
2.1 Caldera OpenLinux
2.2 Debian Linux Distribution
2.3 Linux Pro
2.4 Red Hat Linux
2.5 Trans-Ameritech Linuxware
2.6 Slackware
2.7 S.u.S.E.
2.8 LinuxGT
2.9 KRUD - Kevin's Red Hat Uber Distribution
2.10 Linux-Mandrake
2.11 Linux by Libranet
2.12 Turbo Linux
3. Submissions To This Document
3.1 Types of Submissions
3.2 How to submit
3.3 Submission Guidelines
4. Administrivia
4.1 Terms of Use
4.2 Acknowledgements
______________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
There is no single distribution of the Linux software. Instead, there
are many such distributions, available both via anonymous FTP and by
mail order on CD-ROM.
The purpose of this document is to provide short summaries of the
English-language Linux CD-ROM distributions, and to provide pointers
for the reader to find more information. A German Distributions HOWTO
was formerly maintained by Marco Budde but seems to have disappeared.
We are not aware of any distributions in languages other than English
and German.
The information presented here is not complete; there are other Linux
distributions than are listed here. By the nature of open source
software, anyone that changes anything in their Linux installation and
makes it available to others somehow is `a distribution'. A document
such as this has to pick somewhere to draw the line. I have picked
`available on CD'. This is by no means the definition of a Linux
distribution. There are numerous small distributions that offer
things the big distros don't, not the least of which is smallness
itself.
The information presented here is not complete; there are other Linux
distributions than are listed here. If you are associated with a CD-
ROM distribution we don't list, please see ``Submissions To This
Document'' near the end of this document for information on making a
submission. It's easy and should take less then five minutes.
For a more complete list of distributions (albeit with sparser
information on each) see the Linux HQ Distributions List
<http://www.linuxhq.com/dist-index.html>.
Disclaimer: We make absolutely no guarantee as to the correctness of
the information, prices, and ordering details given in this document.
Check the last-modified field of each to get an idea of its currency,
then go to the vendor's web page for up-to-date information.
Furthermore, unless otherwise stated the Linux software comes with
ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
Your editor tries to stick to facts in most of this HOWTO, but he has
some opinions on the state of the Linux market. If you care what they
are, you can read them under ``Editorial Recommendations''.
Disclosure: I (esr) have no financial connection to any Linux vendor,
nor have I accepted any renumeration or perquisites from any vendor
other than free product for review (and one T-shirt from Red Hat).
1.1. New versions of this document
This document will be posted monthly to the newsgroups
comp.os.linux.answers . The document is archived on a number of Linux
FTP sites, including metalab.unc.edu in pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO.
You can also view the latest version of this HOWTO on the World Wide
Web via the URL <http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Distribution-
HOWTO.html>.
Feel free to mail any questions or comments about this HOWTO to Eric
S. Raymond, esr@snark.thyrsus.com. Please do not send me general
Linux questions or requests for help in choosing a distribution unless
you're willing to hire me at normal consulting rates; I don't have
time to deal with them, and I try to put everything I know about
choosing a distribution in this document.
1.2. Recent Changes
Yggdrasil Plug-And-Play and Craftworks Linux seem no longer to be
available for sale, and have been dropped. DOSLINUX has also been
dropped due to its specialist nature. KRUD, Linux-Mandrake, and
LinuxGT have been added.
1.3. Overview of the Linux Market
In the beginning (say, 1993), a Linux distribution was something you
downloaded off the Internet onto floppies. Installation was a
laborious process and repeated frustrations due to bad media were
common.
Then came cheap CD-ROM drives and the CD-ROM, a medium ideally suited
for shipping large volumes of operating-system software cheaply.
There's a whole mini-industry now built around commercial CD-ROM
Linuxes, and (because the vendors have actual cash flow to fund
support and marketing) they increasingly dominate the Linux world.
Debian is now the only significant non-commercial release, and even it
seems to be propagated largely by shovelware CD-ROMs.
Most of the CD-ROM distributions (including Slackware, Yggdrasil and
Red Hat) are still available for FTP from the home sites of their
developers. But if you have a CD-ROM drive and a few dollars, you
will have many more distributions and more support options to choose
from (and you'll usually get some useful paper documentation). For
more on the details of installation, see the Linux Installation HOWTO,
<http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO.html>.
Prices for CD-ROM distributions of Intel Linuxes start at $20 and top
out at a whole $50 (and the extra few dollars can buy real value).
Many vendors sell subscription deals that will lower your cost-per-CD
for regular updates over the subscription period.
Price correlates with features and quality pretty well (as one would
expect in a very competitive market). Your editor recommends paying
the few extra dollars for a top-drawer original CD-ROM distribution;
this will pay off in fewer installation and administration hassles
down the road.
Making good choices is much simpler than it used to be. In 1995-96
the Linux market underwent a serious shakeout, with a very few
commercial distributions emerging as leaders while weaker ones
disappeared or stagnated. The toll among general-purpose non-
commercial distributions has been even fiercer; essentially, only
Debian survives in this role.
As a result, the three-tier structure of primary distribution
builders, value-added repackagers, and bottom-feeding CD shovellers
that used to define the market has nearly collapsed. To be
competitive in the third millennium, a Linux outfit (whether
commercial or noncommercial) has to offer reasonable support and
behave like a primary distribution builder, whether it's really one or
not. So as long as you look for a recent freeze date, it is pretty
hard to get stuck with a dud distribution these days.
1.4. Editorial Recommendations
Last section, the facts. In this section, my opinions (for whatever
they're worth -- and remember the caveat about free advice). There is
no substitute for doing your own evaluation based on experience and
the data in this guide, and these are intended more to illuminate my
possible biases than as a guide to what you should do.
From the beginnings of the Linux CD-ROM industry in 1993 to Fall 1995,
Yggdrasil was the king of the hill -- it essentially founded the CD-
ROM market and then set the standard for everybody else. I used
Yggdrasil, and I recommended it over commercial System V versions for
its superior documentation, large collection of applications, and
enlightened policy of sending free releases to open-source authors and
dedicating part of the price of each CD-ROM to financially supporting
free software. But Yggdrasil hasn't issued a new release since 1995
and they've been left behind by the market.
I now run Red Hat Linux and am quite satisfied with it. They have
successfully created a de-facto standard in distribution packaging
with RPM (now also used by SuSE and Mandrake, among others). They've
made most of the right moves at the right times and I consider them
the current market leader.
If you're ideologically wedded to using a non-commercial distribution,
Debian seems to me to be the clear choice, the only one left with a
serious support team behind it.
These opinions should certainly not be interpreted as an unconditional
endorsement; different Linux distributions are optimized for different
needs, and yours may well be best served by some other distribution
(especially if, unlike me, you're mainly a DOS user and are looking
for a distribution tuned for dual-boot systems and being launched from
DOS).
Furthermore, industry standing is volatile. By the time you read
this, Red Hat or Debian may well have fallen off their games and been
displaced by hungrier newcomers.
2. Distributions
All these distributions are available on CD-ROM (some of the non-
commercial ones only show up on network-archive snapshots). Most of
these are available for free over the network (but the commercial ones
won't support you if you buy this way). They are custom-assembled,
rather than just being re-packagings of a pre-existing network
release.
They are listed in alphabetical order.
2.1. Caldera OpenLinux
Distributor:
Caldera, Inc.
633 South 550 East
Provo, Utah 84606
Net: info@caldera.com
WWW: <http://www.caldera.com>
FTP: <ftp://ftp.caldera.com>
Vox: (801)-377-7678
Fax: (801)-377-8752
Provider's Description:
Caldera is shipping OpenLinux 1.2 in a three-tiered family of
products: OpenLinux Lite, OpenLinux Base, and OpenLinux
Standard.
OpenLinux Lite is a freely available evaluation of the OpenLinux
product (it includes a 90-day evalutation of the Caldera
integrated Desttop--the full licensed version of the desktop is
included in the Base and Standard products). OpenLinxu Lite can
be downloaded from Caldera's ftp site, or obtainded on CD for
the cost of shipping. It is also designed for use by book and
software publishers to provide a commercially stable Linux
offering with their books and software products.
OpenLinux Base contains everything that is in Lite plus it is a
complete, easy-to-install Linux operating system, with
integrated Desktop, Internet client and server components, and
Intranet connectivity. OpenLinux Base includes Netscape
Navigator and full documentation.
OpenLinux Standard includes what is in Base plus more high-end,
name brand, commercial software components (such as Netscape
FastTrack Web Server, Netscape Navigator Gold Web browser and
authoring tools, ADABAS D database, StarOffice productivity
suite, Caldera OpenDOS, and NetWare client and administration
tools).
All three tiers of the OpenLinux 1.2 release are currently
available.
With Caldera OpenLinux, you can see a whole world of powerful
new computing, even the power of a UNIX workstation on your PC!
By using a Linux kernel, OpenLinux gives you speed and stability
that compare to systems costing thousands of dollars. Open Linux
also gives you:
� Real multi-tasking runs many text or graphical applications at
once; no application can cause another to crash, unlike less
robust systems.
� The Linux 2.0 kernel gives super-fast TCP/IP access to the
Internet, plus loadable device drivers, for the most efficient
use of your system resources.
� Easy-to-follow, quick installation with menu-based choices and
auto-detection of your hardware make installation a snap on most
systems. The Getting Started Guide (included) provides a step-
by-step illustrated procedure, with troubleshooting tips.
No other Linux system includes a complete, integrated desktop
interface with configuration tools and graphical editor. Its
powerful drag-and-drop capabilities come pre-configured with
thousands of icons and application settings. The Desktop
provides a convenient place where you can store your favorite
programs and data files for instant access. The Desktop gives
you:
� Drag-and-drop launching of programs with data files.
� An integrated graphical text editor.
� Easy access to an array of powerful system configuration tools.
� A configurable icon bar, custom layouts, and preference
settings.
� Powerful file management using drag-and-drop or graphical
dialogs.
Ordering:
By email with PGP key, by phone, by fax, or by conventional
mail. Full ordering details are at
<http://www.caldera.com/mpro/orinfo/orderinfo.html>.
Support:
Caldera is one of the only Linux distributers to offer E-mail
and telephone support. OpenLinux Base (E-mail only) and Standard
(Telephone and E-mail) users are fully supported (Standard users
receive 5 free incident calls during the first 30 days). There
is no technical support for the Lite product.
OpenLinux Base and Standard ship with full licensed versions of
the Caldera Desktop, which do not expire. OpenLinux Lite ships
with a 90-day evaluation version of the Desktop.
Last Freeze Date:
May 1998 (?)
Entry last modified:
13 August 1998
2.2. Debian Linux Distribution
Distributor:
Software in the Public Interest, Inc. PO Box 1326
Boston, Ma. 02117 USA
Net: info@debian.org
WWW: <http://www.debian.org>
FTP: <ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian>
Provider's Description:
Debian Linux is the result of a volunteer effort to create a
high-quality non-commercial Linux distribution. Debian Linux
2.0 is a complete and fully-functional Unix-compatible operating
system for the personal computer. The system uses ELF
executables and libc6 (unlikeprevious Debian versions, which
used libc5). At present, Debian Linux is available for the IBM
PC architecture (386/486/Pentium) and m68k, with versions for
Sparc and Alpha promised for 2.1. ARM, PPC, and UltraSparc
ports are underway.
Debian Linux is an easy-to-upgrade distribution that mostly
consists of freely redistributable software from a number of
different sources and systems. Support for shadow passwords is
available, although it should be considered experimental in the
1.1 release. Non-free packages may also obtained, making Debian
a well-rounded system.
The benefits of Debian Linux are its upgradability, well-defined
dependencies between packages, and its open development. It is
the only distribution of Linux that is being developed co-
operatively by many individuals through the Internet, in the
same spirit as Linux and other open-source operating systems.
More than 400 package maintainers are working on over 1500
packages and improving Debian Linux. A sophisticated bug
tracking system allows users to easily report bugs and security
concerns which are quickly dealt with by the Debian community.
A new release of the package will soon occur on well-known ftp
archives.
Debian Linux is a very dynamic distribution. Snap-shot releases
are made about every three months, the ftp archives are updated
daily.
For more information about Debian Linux, please refer to the
files at <ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/doc/> or visit our World
Wide Web page at <http://www.debian.org/>. There is also a
book, "Running Debian GNU/Linux", from O'Reilly & Associates.
If you're interested in joining this project you are invited to
subscribe to either debian-user@lists.debian.org or debian-
devel@lists.debian.org by sending a mail to debian-user-
request@lists.debian.org (or debian-devel-request respectively)
with the word "help" in the subject line.
Internet Access:
Debian Linux is available via anonymous FTP from
<ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/> and on a mirror near to you.
Last Freeze Date:
24 July 1998 (2.0)
Entry last modified:
13 Aug 1998
2.3. Linux Pro
Distributor:
WorkGroup Solutions, Inc.
P.O. Box 460190
Aurora, CO 80046-0190
Vox: (303)-699-7470
Fax: (303)-699-2793
Net: info@wgs.com (orders)
FTP: <ftp://ftp.wgs.com/pub2/wgs>
Provider's Description:
The charter of the WGS Linux Pro CD is different from all other
distributions currently on the market. We are actively pursuing
penetration into the commercial marketplace for Linux.
Everything we do is aimed at increasing the size of the Linux
community, and helping Linux to become THE one true operating
system, not just an operating system.
WGS Linux Pro consists of our Main "Stable" Linux CD, for which
we select what we consider to be the best Linux distribution
available. Then we make bug fixes & minor enhancements. This
CD often contains software older than the latest, under the
theory that "the latest is not always the greatest". Together
with this approach we provide technical support as well as
support agreements. For this reason WGS Linux Pro is considered
a primary Linux distribution. Optionally, and in addition to
our primary CD, we supply supplemental CDs containing all the
latest Linux software (including current archives of the tsx-11,
metalab, and Red Hat sites). Virtually anything you will get
with anyone's Linux product can be found on these supplemental
CDs. We continually add more to these supplemental CDs as
software becomes available. Even with all this, pricing on our
product line is very favorable when correctly compared to other
Linux distributions. Also optional (included with Linux Pro+)
is a professionally produced and printed manual containing the
Linux documentation project and more!
Current version is 4.0a; kernel is 1.2.13 with installable 2.0.x
on the CD.
Internet Access:
Look in <http://www.wgs.com> for a list of WGS products, and
latest information on the CD-ROM.
Ordering:
WGS Linux Pro is available on CD from dealers and distributors
worldwide, and soon from our FTP site.
You may call, fax, email, or mail us, to purchase, or request
additional information. We will be happy to respond to any
question you have. We accept American Express, Visa, Discover,
and MasterCard, or purchase orders with approval of credit.
Miscellaneous:
Complete information is available on our FTP site.
WGS publishes a free E-Mail newsletter on Linux and FlagShip to
which you may subscribe by just emailing us your request.
In addition we carry Motif, FlagShip, A line of books, and other
products to make your experience with Linux more complete and
fulfilling. Check us out!
Last Freeze Date:
1 October 1996.
Entry last modified:
13 March 1997
Editor's comment:
They describe their current distribution as "Red Hat 3.03 plus".
2.4. Red Hat Linux
Distributor:
Red Hat Software
3201 Yorktown Rd, Suite 123 DeKalb Center
Durham, NC 27713
Vox: (800) 546-7274 or (919) 572-6500
Fax: (919) 572-6726
Net: redhat@redhat.com
WWW: <http://www.redhat.com>
FTP: <ftp://ftp.redhat.com>
Provider's Description:
Red Hat 6.1 is based on the 2.2 kernel and is available for
Intel, Sparc and Alpha platforms.
Four installation innovations make Red Hat the easiest Linux to
install ever. Our graphical installation mode brings you
straight up into X for most of the installation. Our boot disk
creation script eases selection of the proper boot disk, and it
saves your existing network configuration information and
XF86Config so you don't have to configure TCP/IP or X! Our FTP
install allows you to install simply by downloading 3 floppy
disk images -- the rest is done automatically! And finally, the
installation includes seamless support for PCMCIA devices --
install Red Hat on your laptop as easily as on your desktop
machine!
After installing Red Hat Linux once, you will never need to
reinstall Linux again! The new RPM packaging system is
sophisticated enough to allow upgrading to new Red Hat releases
without reinstalling your system - no partitioning, no backing
up all your files, no headaches.
Ordering:
Available directly from Red Hat Software and most distributors
of Linux related products. Please contact Red Hat Software for
ordering details (on-line ordering is available through Red
Hat's Web). Suggested retail price for the Standard version is
$29.95; for the Professional (server) version $149.95; for the
Deluxe version $79.95.
Last Freeze Date:
Unknown.
Entry last modified:
1 Nov 1999.
Editor's Comments:
The big selling point of this distribution is RPM, the Red Hat
Package Manager. This piece of software is a remarkable
advance; it allows you to cleanly install and de-install
applications and operating-system components, including the
kernel and OS base itself. RPM is now used as well by
essentially all other distributions except Debian.
2.5. Trans-Ameritech Linuxware
Distributor:
Trans-Ameritech
2342A Walsh Avenue
Santa Clara, CA 95051
Net: info@trans-am.com
WWW: http://www.trans-am.com
Vox: (408)-727-3883
Fax: (408)-727-3882
BBS: (408)-980-9840
Provider's Description:
Trans-Ameritech has published 10 releases of Linux by early
1997. Traditionally, Trans-Ameritech has set new standards for
combining ease of use and straightforward installation, even for
a first-time user, with its line of LinuxWare CD-ROMs. This is
a flexible, easy-to-install operating system geared toward those
interested in learning Unix as well as technical people,
students and home PC users.
� New Linux users will appreciate a Windows-based set up program
from the CD.
� To minimize the possibility of hardware conflicts many extra
kernels are provided for different configurations. They are
usable for installation and normal operation.
� Many on-line documents are provided for quick reference,
including the Linux Documentation Project files in source, dvi
and ps formats.
Many applications are included:
� MS-Windows based X configuration program
� C/C++,Pascal and Ada compilers as well as converters fron
Fortran
� TCP/IP networking, UUCP,SLIP,CSLIP,PPP
� Internet access with binaries and sources for FTP,Telnet,News
and E-mail
� Multiple terminals and X-Windows environment
� Gnu and international versions of the ispell spell-cheker
� The communications apps:term,minicom,Seyon (X-Windows based)
� Editors:elvis(vi clone),joe,jove,Emacs
� PostScript clone ghostscript
� Object oriented GNU Smalltalk and the Smalltalk interface to X
� TCL/Tk (Powerful scripting language with Motif-like X interface)
� Programs for electrical engineers and ham enthusiasts
� Interviews libraries,include files and doc Word-processor and
idraw drawing program
� Typesetting:TeX,LaTeX,xdvi,dvips,Metafont,groff
� Andrew multimedia word prodessor with hyperlinks
� FAX send and receive on either class 1 or class 2 fax modems
� DOOM for game enthusiasts
All the sources are available on the CD-ROM. The often needed
sources are uncompressed and can be used directly from the CD-
ROM.
An uncompressed Linux filesystem is available for references and
disk space conversaion. You can run programs directly from the
CD-ROM! There is a large info directory for on-line reference
and many manpages.
For hacker's reference, uncompressed FreeBSD and netBSD sources
are provided.
Our distribution is targeted for Windows and DOS users who want
an easy migration path upwards, rather than for UNIX experts.
Ordering:
Email orders are taken at order@trans-am.com
The price for our current release of LinuxWare 2.5 is $19.95
The price for a package order: LinuxWare 2.5,Supplement 5 and
Supplement 4 (Ultimate LinuxWare Bundle) in one shipment is $30
If you order with a credit card (VISA, MC, AmEx, Discovery),
please, indicate the card number, expiration date and your
mailing address.
Shipping and handling in US: single CD-ROM or Ultimate LinuxWare
Bundle is $5(first class US mail).
Overseas shipping is $8 for single CD-ROM , $12 for the bundle.
COD is available in the US only for $4.50. California
residents, please add 7.75% sales tax.
Annual subscription (4 releases) is available for $80 plus S&H
(note: there are 4 shipments in a subscription). Example:
subscription in US is:$80+$5x4=$100. Subscription in
Europe/Japan etc. $80 + $8x4 = $112.
Miscellaneous:
If you have any further questions,please contact us through E-
mail: info@trans-am.com or order@trans-am.com.
Last Freeze Date:
January 1997 (Supplement 5)
Entry last modified:
13 August 1998
2.6. Slackware
Distributor:
Walnut Creek CDROM
4041 Pike Lane, Suite D
Concord, CA 94520
Net: info@cdrom.com (information), order@cdrom.com (orders),
support@cdrom.com (support).
Provider's Description:
Ftp.cdrom.com is the home of Slackware Linux. We are the
publishers of the Official Slackware Linux CDROM. Our
distribution is a 4-disc set with the current version being
Slackware 96. The current disc is based on the 2.0.34 kernel.
Slackware Linux is a full featured distribution of the Linux
operating system designed for 386/486 computers with a 3.5"
floppy and CD-ROM drive.
Internet Access:
WWW: <http://www.cdrom.com/titles/os/slack96.htm>
FTP: <ftp:ftp.cdrom.com/pub/linux/slackware>
Ordering:
The cost of the CD-ROM set from Walnut Creek is $39.95.
Last Freeze Date:
July 1998 (3.5)
Entry last modified:
13 August 1998.
2.7. S.u.S.E.
Distributor:
S.u.S.E., Inc.
458 Santa Clara Ave
Oakland CA 94610 USA
Net: info@suse.com
WWW: <http://www.suse.com>
FTP: <ftp://ftp.suse.com>
Vox: +1-510-835-7873 Fax: +1-510-835-7875 fax
Provider's Description:
S.u.S.E. Linux offers users of all levels, from novice to
expert, quick and easy entry into world of Linux and Unix.
Resources such as a menu-driven installation from CD-ROM, a
modular boot diskette, 400-page reference book and S.u.S.E.'s
own system administration tool, YaST allow one to quickly get
Linux installed and running, and to keep it running smoothly.
Furthermore, S.u.S.E. offers a series of supported X servers,
which support the newest graphics cards. These servers are
created in cooperation with the XFree86 (tm) development team.
See the following URL for more details:
<http://www.suse.de/XSuSE>.
New in S.u.S.E. Linux 5.3:
� Kernel 2.0.35
� KDE 1.0
� GIMP 1.0
� SaX (SuSE advanced XF86 configuration tool)
Quick overview of other features:
� The Linux OS, over 875 software packages, including complete
sources and live file system on 4 CD-ROMs
� 400 page reference book
� Packages in RPM format; TGZ packages installable
� System V compatible boot concept, compliance with file system
standard
� Installation and administration utility 'YaST' configures
network, ISDN, e-mail, printer, X Window System
� S.u.S.E. X servers which support new graphics cards
� Administration of file systems, users, groups
� Automatic configuration of several window managers
� Online help system and documentation
� Demo mode, either directly from CD-ROM, or on DOS partition
Ordering:
You can download from <ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/SuSE-Linux>. For
the CD-ROM with support, order vphone, secure WWW order form,
fax, or post. Price is $49.95, or $34.95 per edition by
subscription. Use order code LSUE520 for the English version,
LSUD520.
Also available: OSF Motif 2.1 for $129.95 (price for update to
be determined; order code: LMEA210
Support:
60 days of free installation support are included with each
purchase of S.u.S.E. Linux. See the web page for contact info
and conditions.
Last Freeze Date:
Unknown.
Entry last modified:
13 Aug 1998 (5.3)
2.8. LinuxGT
Distributor:
Grey Technology
PMB 205
2479 Murphreesboro Rd.
Nashville, TN 37217
Net: rick@greysite.com (orders)
WWW: <http://www.greysite.com>
FTP: <ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/linuxGT>
Provider's Description:
LinuxGT is based in the Linux 2.2 kernel, available for Intel
only at this point, a PPC and SPARC are on the way! With a
simple, to the point installation, we believe it is the easiest
to get running server solutions available today! Creating a boot
disk is a simple click of a button (from Windows), or running a
simple script (DOS/Linux). Other installation methods are via
ftp, http, NFS, or from your existing hard disk partition. By
following the steps in the QuickStart Guide, you can't go wrong,
most people won't NEED the Guide if they have ANY familiarity
with Linux. Further product information can be found at our
website (http://www.greysite.com) or via e-mail.
Ordering:
Available through Grey Technologies, GT Partners, and
Distribution Vendors. Please contact Grey Technology for
ordering details (on-line ordering is available through
GreySite.Com). Suggested retail price is for the Intel Server
version is $dollar;24.95. Other platforms will be priced at time
of availability.
Miscellaneous:
Technical support is available via telephone, e-mail, chatroom,
or online Web Forum.
Last Freeze Date:
24 Jun 1999
Entry last modified:
24 Jun 1999
2.9. KRUD - Kevin's Red Hat Uber Distribution
Distributor:
tummy.com, ltd.
5400 Fossil Court North
Fort Collins CO 80525
Vox: (970) 223-8215 Net: krud@tummy.com Web:
<http://www.tummy.com/>
Provider's Description:
The current Red Hat distribution with full errata available by
subscription or as a single CD. Also included are a variety of
useful packages for Linux, including a several security-related
packages such as ssh and isinglass. Requires standard Red Hat
compatible Hardware. Currently, KRUD is not for export because
it contains crypto software.
Internet Access:
Available on CD-ROM only because of export restrictions.
Ordering:
(online)
(by mail)
$3/US each
$36/US 12 issue subscription (monthy update)
Visa/Mastercard/Discover/Amex credit cards accepted.
University and large business purchase orders, Postal money
orders are also accepted.
Support:
Support is available on an hourly or contract basis from
tummy.com, ltd. Rates start at $120/hour.
Miscellaneous:
KRUD helps you keep up with the flood of errata and package
upgrades by offering a monthly CD-ROM subscription delivered to
you at a reasonable price.
2.10. Linux-Mandrake
Distributor:
MandrakeSoft
Daniel Morales - MandrakeSoft 818.834.9860
Caroline Carmagnol - Aliz� Public Relations 650.323.1607
mandrake@linux-mandrake.com
Net: mandrake@linux-mandrake.com (orders)
WWW: <http://www.linux-mandrake.com>
Vox: 818.834.9860
Provider's Description:
Linux-Mandrake is inspired by Red Hat(tm) Linux, with many
improvements and pre-configured applications which make it
easier to use for beginners, and faster for everyone.
Linux-Mandrake is available both in GPL Edition and in the
PowerPack Edition which includes 5 CDs and commercials
applications. The GPL Edition CD (base system and applications)
is freely available from Internet as an iso image.
Linux-Mandrake 6.0 won two LinuxWorld Editors' Choice Awards and
was a runner up at LinuxWorld Expo, San Jose, CA in August 1999:
1. Best Linux Product of the Year.
2. Best Distribution/Server.
3. finalist for Best Distribution/Client.
Mandrake 6.1 (Helios) features:
1. Linux-Kernel: 2.2.13 (pre4)
2. XFree86: 3.3.5
3. Glibc: 2.1.1
4. RPM: 3.0.3
5. Bash: 2.03
6. KDE: 1.1.2 (with Mandrake customization)
7. Gnome: built from 1.0.4->1.0.14 versions (with Mandrake
customization)
8. Enlightenment 0.16-dev5, Windowmaker 0.60, AfterStep 1.7.111,
XFCE 3.0.2, IceWM 0.9.48
and many applications such as Apache, MySQL etc.
In Mandrake, packages have been compiled with CPU optimizations
for pentium-class (intel, amd, cyrix, winchip...) and higher
processors resulting in speed improvements up to 30%.
Internel Access:
<http://www.linux-mandrake.com/en/ftp.php3>
Ordering:
Free download available from Internet. The Linux-Mandrake
PowerPack price is typically between $45 and $50. Payment
method depends on the distributor. Distributor lists available
at: <http://www.linux-mandrake.com/en/fsinglecd.php3>.
Support:
The PowerPack is provided with 100 days of support by email.
Several specialized mailling-lists and a USENET newsgroup
(alt.os.linux.mandrake) are available for support between users.
Bynari Systems Group and LinuxCare also provide complete support
for Mandrake.
Last Freeze Date:
Sep 17, 1999 for Mandrake 6.1 (Helios). Update frequency: about
4 months.
Entry last modified:
18 September 1999
2.11. Linux by Libranet
Distributor:
Libra Computer Systems Ltd.
1860 Langworthy Street
North Vancouver, BC
V7K 1N8
Net: sales@libranet.com (orders)
Net: support@libranet.com (support)
Net: faq@libranet.com (faq)
WWW: <http://www.libranet.com>
Provider's Description:
Based on the Debian distribution, it allows users to start with
an already configured desktop complete with the most commonly
used applications. The simple installation gets the system up
and running easily. This is a major benefit to those new to
Linux and a great time-saver for the experienced.
Ordering:
Available on CD for intel i386 and higher compatibles. Order
via the web at http://www.libranet.com or fax/mail order One
year free support via email and fax.
Miscellaneous:
The Linux by Libranet Desktop brings Debian, traditionally the
choice of developers, to the desktop user.
Last Freeze Date:
Updated CD about every 4 months.
Entry last modified:
1 November 1999
2.12. Turbo Linux
TurboLinux, Inc.
2000 Sierra Point Parkway
Suite 401
Brisbane, CA 94005
Net: info@turbolinux.com (orders)
WWW: <http://www.turbolinux.com>
FTP: <ftp://ftp.turbolinux.com/>
Vox: (650)-244-7777 Fax: 650-244-7766
Provider's Description:
TurboLinux makes a suite of high-performance Linux products for
the workstation and server markets. Our products are available
from our Web site, at more than 3,000 retail stores in North
America and from our value-added reseller partners around the
world. Our products:
Workstation 6.0
TurboLinux Workstation 6.0 is your high-performance choice
for Linux on the desktop. The powerful office productivity
suite StarOffice gives you full Microsoft Office
compatibility and Netscape gets you quickly online for e-mail
and Web surfing.
Server 6.0
TurboLinux Server 6.0, completely re-engineered as a secure,
high-performance backend server for business workgroups in
the enterprise, now includes robust e-commerce software for
business-to-business transactions.
TurboCluster Server 4.0
Build affordable, scalable and available server clusters (25+
cluster nodes!) with TurboCluster Server 4.0, voted Best Web
Solution by the editors of Linux Journal. TurboCluster
Server, also named Corporate IT Best Product winner for
enterprise-class customers at the IT 2000 Sydney computer
show, integrates seamlessly into your existing IT environment
to cluster Solaris and Windows NT server nodes as well as
Linux..
enFuzion 6.0>
Turn your existing network into a supercomputer! Based on a
simple but powerful concept called parametric execution,
enFuzion turns your existing computer network into a high
speed, fault tolerant, highly available supercomputer."
Ordering:
See <http://www.turbolinux.com/products/> TurboLinux is also
offered in retail stores and many online stores.
Last Freeze Date:
Workstation 6.0 - January 3.
Server 6.0 - January 3.
TurboCluster Server - October 4.
Estimated update frequency can vary from 2 weeks to 3 months
depending on the product.
Entry last modified:
22 Mar 2000.
3. Submissions To This Document
I encourage anyone and everyone who maintains a Linux distribution or
mail order service, to submit information on their service to this
HOWTO. It's easy and fun, and it's free advertising. This document is
posted to many places and is archived (see the next section).
3.1. Types of Submissions
We are interested in submissions for:
� Complete distributions of Linux software available on CD-ROM. (We
no longer carry FTP-only distributions, as this document is aimed
primarily at new users for which they are not appropriate.) By
`complete distribution' we mean any set of software which can be
used to build a complete Linux system from scratch.
� Layered products or individual software packages available only via
mail order. If your software package is available via anonymous
FTP, chances are people can find it. Software products only
available via mail-order include commercial things such as Motif,
and any other commercial software ported to Linux.
� Any other Linux-specific goods available via mail order, such as
Linux-specific books and documentation, T-shirts, and assorted
paraphrenalia. Note: our interest in the latter categories is
marginal -- this is a Linux Distributions HOWTO, not a catalogue of
cutesy Linux junk. Whatever you're selling will have to be (a)
very useful, (b) very original, or (c) very funny, to get listed
here.
If the number of submissions for services and layered products is
large, I'll create a separate HOWTO for these items.
3.2. How to submit
To submit an entry to this HOWTO, please send mail to
esr@snark.thyrsus.com with the following information. This format is
not machine-parsable; any of the fields may be any length that you
wish, but I'd like to keep each entry down to, say, 50 lines.
Name:
Name of service or distribution
Distributor:
Name of company, person, etc. who distributes/maintains the
service or distribution. Should include mail, email, phone
contact information, and (if possible) a WWW reference.
Provider's Description:
Description of the distribution or service that you provide. If
this is a software distribution, please include information such
as what software is included, versions, general overview of
installation, requirements, and so on.
Internet Access:
Where your service or distribution is available over the
Internet; typically a WWW or FTP address.
Ordering:
How to order your distribution or service, if applicable.
Include prices, shipping information, methods of payment, etc.
Support:
Information on support terms and support contracts.
Miscellaneous:
Anything else that you find relevant.
Last Freeze Date:
Last freeze date of the current version(s). Also, your
estimated update frequency.
3.3. Submission Guidelines
Please keep your entry as short as possible. If you need to include
extensive information, please make a reference to where one can FTP or
mail to get more information on your distribution; these entries are
only meant to be pointers to where one can find information on your
service or distribution.
If you provide more than one service or distribution, please use
separate entries for each.
I may edit your entries for conciseness and brevity, if I find any
irrelevant information, or if the entry is overly verbose. Otherwise
the content should remain the same.
When making submissions to the Distribution-HOWTO, you grant implicit
permission for me to use the entries in other materials, such as books
from the LDP, and other online documents. For example, information
from the Distribution-HOWTO may be included in a published Linux book.
If you do not want me to include your entry in materials other than
the Distribution-HOWTO, please say so.
4. Administrivia
4.1. Terms of Use
This document is copyright 1997 by Eric S. Raymond. You may use,
disseminate, and reproduce it freely, provided you:
� Do not omit or alter this copyright notice.
� Do not omit or alter or omit the version number and date.
� Do not omit or alter the document's pointer to the current WWW
version.
� Clearly mark any consdensed, altered or versions as such.
These restrictions are intended to protect potential readers from
stale or mangled versions. If you think you have a good case for an
exception, ask me.
4.2. Acknowledgements
This document was originated by Bill Riemers. Matt Welsh maintained
the second version. Erik Troan then maintained the document to
release 3.0.
In January 1995, Eric Raymond, while unaware of the existence of this
document, began to develop a similar FAQ in the format of his now-
discontinued "PC-clone UNIX Software Buyer's Guide", which had covered
mainly System V UNIXes and BSD/OS.
In March 1995, Eric approached Erik about cooperating on a merged
version. In early April 1995, Erik went to work for Red Hat Software,
and (wishing to avoid a conflict of interest) handed the document to
Eric. Eric merged in a lot of new information and added several new
fields to the distribution entries.
Accordingly, this document has been a sort of serial collaboration.
The editorial `we' generally tags observations by all the maintainers;
`I' is Eric (the current one) speaking.
We are delighted to acknowledge the contributions of all the Linux
users and Internet hackers who have contributed information and
feedback.