The Unix and Internet Fundamentals HOWTO: ��ͳ�� �� ۵��ϴ°�?

10. ��ͳ�� �� ۵��ϴ°�?

��ͳ�� �� ۵��ϴ�� ظ� �� ؼ� �� ͳ� ��ɵ�� Ͼ�� 캼 ��̴� -- �� տ� �ִ� LDP(Linux Documentation Project) Ȩ�� Ȩ�� 캸��. ��

http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Fundamentals.html

�� ġ�ϰ� �ִٰ� ��ִٸ�, �̰�� ȣ��Ʈ sunsite.unc.edu �Ʒ�� 丮 �� /LDP/HOWTH/Fundamentals.html ��Ϸ� ��Ѵٴ� �� ǹ��Ѵ�.

10.1 �̸�� ġ(Names and locations)

�� ؾ� �� ϴ� �� ϴ� ��ǻ�Ϳ� ��Ʈ��ũ�� ϴ� ��̴�. �̰�� ϱ� ��ؼ�� 켱 sunsite.unc.edu�� ȣ��Ʈ('ȣ��Ʈ'�� 'ȣ��Ʈ �ӽ�' �Ǵ� '��Ʈ��ũ ȣ��Ʈ'�� ̴�; sunsite.unc.edu�� ȣ��Ʈ���̶� �θ��)�� Ʈ��ũ �� ġ�� ϴ�� ˾ƾ� �Ѵ�. �� ġ�� ϴ� �� ڷ� �̷�� ִµ�, �̰�� IP ��巹���� Ѵ�('IP'�� Ϳ� ��ؼ�� Ŀ� �ٽ� �� ̴�).

�̷� �۾�� ϱ� ��ؼ� �� ��Ӽ���� α׷�� ϰ� �ȴ�. �� ϴ� ��쵵 ��, �� Ӽ�� ϴ� Ư�� ӽ�� ϰ� �װ�� ϰ� �ȴ�. �� ISP�κ�� ͳ� ��񽺸� �ް� �Ǿ��  �ϳ�� ISP�� Ʈ��ũ�� ϴ� ��Ӽ�� IP ��巹�� ͳ� ��Ʈ�� �˷��ִ� �� ̴�.

�� ٸ� �ӽſ� �ִ� ��Ӽ�� ȣ�� ϸ�, ȣ��Ʈ�� Ǯ��� ȯ�ϰ� ��ο� ��Ÿ�� Ѵ�. �� Ӽ�� sunsite.unc.edu�� ̸�� Ǯ�� Ʈ��ũ �� ϴ� �� ٸ� ��Ʈ�� ϰ� �Ǵµ�, �� Ϸ�� ſ� �� (�� 1�ʵ� �ɸ�� ʴ´�) ��ȴ�.

��Ӽ�� sunsite�� IP ��巹�� 152.2.22.81�̶�� ˷��ְ� �� ̴�; �̰�� ˸� �� ӽ�� sunsite�� ȯ�� ְ� �ȴ�.

10.2 ��Ŷ��

�� Sunsite��  �� Ѵٸ� �� ϸ� �ȴ�:

GET /LDP/HOWTO/Fundamentals.html HTTP/1.0

�� �� ̰�� ϴ�� 캸��. �ϴ� �� ��Ŷ�� . ��Ŷ�� ̶� �� ִµ�, �� ̰�� ߿�� Ǿ� �ִ�; �߼�� ּ� (source address) (�� ǻ�� ּ�), �� ּ�(destination address) (152.2.22.81), �׸�� ̰�� ̵� �� û�̶�� Ÿ�� �� ȣ(service number) Ȥ�� ��Ʈ ��ȣ(port number) (�̰�� û�̹Ƿ� 80)�� ̴�.

�׷�� ӽ�� Ŷ�� ���� Ҹ�� Ư�� 迡 �� ż�(ISP�� 𵩼� Ȥ�� Ʈ��ũ)�� ƴٴϰ� �Ѵ�. ��ʹ� �ڽ�� ޸𸮿� ��ͳ�� ִ� -- �׻� �� ޸𸮿� �� , �� Ʈ��ũ �� Ͱ� ��ͳݿ� ��ϴ� �ٸ� �̿�� ͸� �� ִ� �� ˰� �ִ�.

�� Ŷ�� ϱ� �� ͸� ��ġ�� ̴�. ��ʹ� �ſ� �ȶ��ؼ� �ٸ� ��Ͱ� ��Ŷ�� ޾Ƽ� ó��ϴ� �� 󸶳� �ɸ�� Ѵ�. �׸�� ִ� �� ϰ� �ȴ�. �� ٸ� ��(Ȥ�� ̺�)�� Ǿ�� ̿��Ͽ� �ٸ� ��θ� ã�� Ŷ�� ִ�.

�ϼ�� ϸ� ��ͳ�� ￡�� ߵ� �� ֵ�� Ǿ��ٰ� �Ѵ�. �̰�� ƴ��, ��ͳ�� ҿ�� ϴ� �ϵ�� �� ֵ�� ſ� �Ǹ��ϰ� ��Ǿ��. �̰�� �� ġ(��ȭ��ó��)�� ƴ϶� ��ῡ �� õ�� Ϳ� �л�� ұ� �� ̴�. �̷� ��  �� ߻�� ְ�, �� Ʈ��ũ�� ϰ� �� ְ� �Ѵ�.

�ѹ� �� Ŷ�� ϰ� �Ǹ�, �� ӽ�� ȣ�� Ŷ�� ѱ�� ȴ�. �� Ŷ�� ߼�� ּ� (IP ��巹��)�� Ǵ��Ѵ�. �� ɿ�� û�� , �� Ŷ�� ȴ�. ��Ŷ�� ũ�� Ʈ��ũ�� ü�� ٸ�� ٲ��.

10.3 TCP�� IP

��� Ŷ �� Ǵ�� ϱ� ��ؼ�, �� ͳ�� ̿��ϸ�, �װ�� ϳ�� ٸ� �ϳ�� ϴ� �� ʿ䰡 �ִ�.

�Ʒ�� ܰ�� IP(Internet Protocol)�� ߼�� Ŷ�� �� ִ� (�� IP ��巹�� ׷�� θ�� ذ� �� ̴�.) ��, IP�� ƴϴ�; �� Ŷ�� нǵǾ�� ߼�� ӽ� �� . �� Ʈ��ũ �� IP�� �� (connectionless) ��̶� �Ѵ�; �� Ŷ�� ޴� �� θ� Ȯ�� .

IP�� ̴�. ��δ� �ŷڵ�� ̶�� ͸��ε� ��ϴ�. �� Ʈ��ũ�� ̿�� Doom�̳� Quake�� Ѵٸ�, �� Ѿ�� IP ��Ŷ�� ǥ�� ȴ�. �� Ϻΰ� �� ׷�� ɰ�� ƴ� ��̴�.

�� ܰ�� TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)�� ̿� ��ؼ� ��ϴ�. �� ӽ�� TCP�� Ǿ� �� (TCP �� IP�� ̿��Ͽ� �̷��), ��ϴ� �� ڽ�� Ŷ�鿡 �� Ȯ�� ۽�� ʿ� ��ش�. �� ۽�� ʿ�� Ȯ�� ð�� ϸ�, �� Ŷ�� ٽ� �� ȴ�. �Դٰ� �۽��ϴ� �� TCP ��Ŷ�� Ϸ� ��ȣ�� ο��ϴµ�, �̰�� ϴ� �� Ŷ�� ٽ� �� ְ� �Ѵ�. (�� Ǿ� �ִ� �߿� ��Ʈ��ũ�� Ҿ�� Ŷ�� Ϸù�ȣ�� ڹٲ�� ŵ� �� ִ�.)

TCP/IP ��Ŷ�� ߸�� ߻�� ִ� �� ջ�� Ȯ��ϱ� ��ؼ� üũ��(checksum)�� ִ�. ��, TCP/IP�� Ӽ�� ϴ� �� , �� ȣ��Ʈ��/��-��ȣ ��̿�� ŵǴ� �� ŷ�� ִ�. ��Ʈ��ũ �� ϴ� �� Ŷ�� ϰ�, �� Ŷ�� ٽ� ��ϴ� ��, �� Ȯ��, checksum�� Ȯ��ϴ� ��, �׸�� Ʒ� �ܰ�� ޵Ǵ� �� ʿ䰡 ��.

10.4 HTTP, ��

�Ʊ� ��캻 �� ǵ��ư� ��. �� TCP/IP�� ֻ�� ȯ�� ̷�� �� �� ̿��Ͽ� ��ȭ�ϰ� �ȴ�. �� TCP/IP�� ̿��Ͽ� �Ϸ�� ȯ�ϰ� �ȴ�. �̷� �� HTTP(Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol)�̶� �ϰ�, �� 캻 GET�̶� ��ɾ�� ݿ�� Ǵ� ��ɾ�� ִ�.

GET ��ɾ sunsite.unc.edu�� ȣ 80�� Բ� ��޵Ǹ�, �̰�� 80�� Ʈ�� ϰ� �ִ� �� �� 绡�� ó��ȴ�. �� Ʈ�� ϰ� �ִٰ� � �� 쿡�� Ѵ�.

�� ͳ�� ϳ�� ü�� Ģ�� Ǿ��ٸ�, �� κ�� ſ� ��ϰ� �ΰ�� ־�� ̴�. HTTP�� (ȣ��Ʈ ��̿� �� ְ��ް� ��ִ� Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP��  �ϳ��̴�.) �� carriage-return/ line feed�� ؽ�Ʈ �� ̿��ϴ� �� Ϲ��̴�.

�� ̰�� ſ� ��ȿ��̴�; � ȯ�濡�� 뼺�� ߰��ϰ� ¥�� ̳ʸ� �� ִ�. ��, �� ΰ�� ϰ� ��ϱ� �� ɾ�� ̷翩��ٴ� �� ȿ�� ̱� �� ٷӰ� �� ü�谡 �� ִ� � �� ġ�ִٴ� �� ˷�� ִ�.

��, �� ſ�� TCP/IP�� ִ� �� ؽ�Ʈ�̴�. �� Ʒ�� ̷�� ̴�. (�� Ǿ��):

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1998 18:43:35 GMT
Server: Apache/1.2.6 Red Hat
Last-Modified: Thu, 27 Aug 1998 17:55:15 GMT
Content-Length: 2982
Content-Type: text/html

�̵� �ش� �ڿ�� ٰ� �� ؽ�Ʈ�� ̴�(�� ). �� ȭ�鿡 ��ֱ⸸ �Ѵ�. �� ¸� ��ش�. (Ư�� Content-Type �� ƿ� �ڷᰡ HTML�� ش�.)

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10. ���ͳ��� ��� �۵��ϴ°�?

10.1 �̸��� ��ġ(Names and locations)

10.2 ��Ŷ�� �����

10.3 TCP�� IP

10.4 HTTP, ���� ��������

10. ��ͳ�� �� ۵��ϴ°�?

10.1 �̸�� ġ(Names and locations)

10.2 ��Ŷ��

10.4 HTTP, ��